Videos of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and supraglottoplasty accompany this article

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Preface: Pediatric Otolaryngology. Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. Otitis Media and Ear Tubes. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: Expanding Applications and Outcomes. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease in Children. Voice Disorders in Children. Laryngomalacia. Nasal Obstruction in Newborns. Enlarged Neck Lymph Nodes in Children. Infantile Hemangiomas of the Head and Neck. Chronic Cough in Children. Pediatric Dysphagia. Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children. Training: Simulating Pediatric Airway.

Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. Stridor results from upper airway obstruction caused by collapse of supraglottic tissue into the airway. Most cases of laryngomalacia are mild and self-resolve, but severe symptoms require investigation and intervention. There is a strong association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with laryngomalacia, and thus medical treatment with antireflux medications may be indicated. Supraglottoplasty is the preferred surgical treatment of laryngomalacia, reserved only for severe cases. Proper identification of those patients who require medical and surgical intervention is key to providing treatment with successful outcomes.