Contiene: índice analítico, preguntas y respuestas

The science of refractive surgery. Corneal optics. Refractive error: optical principles and wavefront analysis. Measurement of wavefront aberrations and graphical representations. Lower-order aberrations. Higher-order aberrations. Corneal biomechanics. Corneal imaging for keratorefractive surgery. Corneal topography. Corneal tomography. Indications for corneal imaging in refractive surgery. The role of corneal topography in refractive surgery. Corneal effects of keratorefractive surgery. Incisional techniques. Tissue addition or subtraction techniques. Alloplastic material addition techniques. Collagen shrinkage techniques. Laser biophysics. Laser-tissue interactions. Fundamentals of excimer laser photoablation. Types of photoablative lasers. Corneal wound healing. Patient evaluation. Patient history. Patient expectations. Social history. Medical history. Pertinent ocular history. Patient age, presbyopia, and monovision. Examination. Uncorrected visual acuity and manifest and cycloplegic refraction. Pupillary examination. Ocular motility, confrontation fields, and ocular anatomy. Intraocular pressure. Slit-lamp examination. Dilated fundus examination. Ancillary tests. Corneal topography. Pachymetry. Wavefront analysis. Calculation of residual stromal bed thickness after LASIK. Discussion of findings and informed consent. Incisional corneal surgery. Incisional correction of myopia. Radial keratotomy in the United States. Incisional correction of astigmatism. Coupling. Arcuate keratotomy and limbal relaxing incisions. Instrumentation. Surgical techniques. Outcomes. Complications. Ocular surgery after arcuate keratotomy and limbal relaxing incisions. Onlays and inlays. Keratophakia. Homoplastic corneal inlays. Alloplastic corneal inlays. Epikeratoplasty. Intrastromal corneal ring segments. Background. Instrumentation. Technique. Outcomes. Intracorneal ring segments and keratoconus. Number of segments. Complications. Ectasia after LASIK. Other considerations with intrastromal corneal ring segments and LASIK. Orthokeratology. Photoablation: techniques and outcomes. Excimer laser. Background. Surface ablation. LASIK. Wavefront-guided, wavefront-optimized, and topography-guided ablations. Patient selection for photoablation. Special considerations for surface ablation. special considerations for LASIK. Surgical technique for photoablation. Calibration of the excimer laser. Preoperative planning and laser programming. Preoperative preparation of the patient. Preparation of the bowman layer or stromal bed for excimer ablation. Application of laser treatment. Immediate postablation measures. Postoperative care. Refractive outcomes. Outcomes for myopia. Outcomes for hyperopia. Wavefront-guided, wavefront-optimized, and topography-guided treatment outcomes for myopia and hyperopia. Re-treatment (enhancements). Photoablation: complications and adverse effects. General complications related to laser ablation. Overcorrection. Undercorrection. Optical aberrations. Central islands. Decentered ablations. Corticosteroid-induced complications. Central toxic keratopathy. Infectious keratitis. Complications unique to surface ablation. Persistent epithelial defects. Sterile infiltrates. Corneal haze. Complications unique to LASIK. Microkeratome complications. Epithelial sloughing or defects. Flap striae. Traumatic flap dislocation. LASIK-interface complications. Complications related to femtosecond laser LASIK flaps. Ectasia. Rare complications. Collagen shrinkage and crosslinking procedures. Collagen shrinkage. Laser thermokeratoplasty. Conductive keratoplasty. Corneal crosslinking. Patient selection. Surgical technique. Intraocular refractive surgery. Phakic intraocular lenses. Background. Advantages. Disadvantages. Patient selection. Surgical technique. Outcomes. Complications. Refractive lens exchange. Advantages. Disadvantages. Patient selection. Surgical planning and technique. Intraocular lens power calculations in refractive lens exchange. Complications. Monofocal intraocular lenses. Toric intraocular lenses. Patient selection. Planning and surgical technique. Outcomes. Complications specific to toric intraocular lenses. Light-adjustable intraocular lenses. Accommodating intraocular lenses. Multifocal intraocular lenses. Patient selection. Surgical technique. Outcomes. Adverse effects, complications, and patient dissatisfaction with multifocal intraocular lenses. Bioptics. Accommodative and nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia. Introduction. Theories of accommodation. Accommodative treatment of presbyopia. Scleral surgery. Accommodating intraocular lenses. Nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia. Monovision. Conductive keratoplasty. Multifocal and extended depth of focus intraocular lens implants. Custom or multifocal ablations. Corneal intrastromal femtosecond laser treatment. Corneal inlays. Other intraocular lens innovations on the horizon. Refractive surgery in ocular and systemic disease. Introduction. Ocular conditions. Ocular surface disease. Herpes simplex virus infection. Keratoconus. Other corneal dystrophies. Post-penetrating keratoplasty. Ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Retinal disease. Amblyopia and strabismus in adults and children. Systemic conditions. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Diabetes mellitus. Connective tissue and autoimmune diseases. Considerations after refractive surgery. Intraocular lens calculations after refractive surgery. Eyes with known pre-and post-refractive surgery data. Eyes with no preoperative information. The ASCRS online post-refractive intraocular lens power calculator. Retinal detachment repair after LASIK. Corneal transplantation after refractive surgery. Contact lens use after refractive surgery. Indications. General principles. Contact lenses after radial keratotomy. Contact lenses after surface ablation. Contact lenses after LASIK. Glaucoma after refractive surgery. Emerging technologies. Refractive lenticule extraction. Indications and preoperative evaluation. Surgical technique. Outcomes. Complications. Re-treatment after SMILE. Comparison with LASIK. Corneal crosslinking plus refractive procedures. Photorefractive or phototherapeutic keratectomy and corneal crosslinking. Intracorneal ring segment implantation and corneal crosslinking. Phakic intraocular lens implantation and corneal crosslinking.