Contiene: índice analítico, preguntas y respuestas

Neuro-ophthalmic anatomy. Bony anatomy. Skull base. The orbit. Vascular anatomy. Arterial system. Venous system. Afferent visual pathways. Retina. Optic nerve. Optic chiasm. Optic tract. Cortex. Efferent visual system (ocular motor pathways). Cortical input. Subcortical structures. Brainstem. Ocular motor cranial nerves. Extraocular muscles. Sensory and facial motor anatomy. Trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve). Facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve). Eyelids. Ocular autonomic pathways. Sympathetic pathways. Parasympathetic pathways. Neuroimaging in neuro-ophthalmology. Introduction. Computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging. Vascular imaging. Catheter angiography. Magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic. Resonance venography. Computed tomography angiography and computed. Tomography Venography. Metabolic and functional imaging modalities. Ultrasonography. Crucial questions in imaging. When to order. What to order. How to order. Negative study results. Glossary of select neuroimaging terminology. The patient with decreased vision: evaluation. History. Unilateral versus bilateral involvement. Time course of vision loss. Associated symptoms. Examination. Visual acuity testing. Color vision testing. Pupillary testing. Fundus examination. Visual field evaluation. Adjunct testing. The patient with decreased vision: classification and management. Ocular media abnormality. Retinopathy. Acute idiopathic blind-spot enlargement, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Cone dystrophy. Autoimmune retinopathies and paraneoplastic retinopathies. Optic neuropathy. Visual field patterns in optic neuropathy. Causes of optic neuropathy. Optic atrophy. Chiasmal lesions. Visual field loss patterns. Etiology of chiasmal disorders. Retrochiasmal lesions. Optic tract. Lateral geniculate body. Temporal lobe. Parietal lobe. Occipital lobe. Vision rehabilitation. The patient with transient visual loss. Examination. Transient monocular visual loss. Ocular causes. Orbital causes. Vascular causes. Binocular transient visual loss. Migraine. Occipital mass lesions. Occipital ischemia. Occipital seizures. The patient with illusions, hallucinations, and disorders of higher cortical function. The patient with visual illusions and distortions. Ocular origin. Optic nerve origin. Cortical origin. The patient with hallucinations. Ocular origin. Optic nerve origin. Cortical origin. The patient with disorders of higher cortical function. Disorders of recognition. Disorders of visual-spatial relationships. Disorders of awareness of vision or visual deficit. The patient with abnormal ocular motility or diplopia. History. Physical examination. Monocular diplopia. Differentiating paretic from restrictive etiologies of diplopia. Comitant and incomitant deviations. Localization. Supranuclear causes of abnormal ocular motility. Nuclear causes of diplopia. Internuclear causes of diplopia. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia. One-and-a-half-syndrome. Infranuclear causes of diplopia. Third cranial nerve palsy. Fourth cranial nerve palsy. Sixth cranial nerve palsy. Ocular neuromyotonia. Paresis of more than one cranial nerve. Cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure involvement. Neuromuscular junction causes of diplopia. Myopathic, restrictive, orbital, and other causes of diplopia. Thyroid eye disease. Posttraumatic restriction. Postsurgical restriction. Orbital myositis. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Neoplastic involvement. Brown syndrome. Heavy eye syndrome. Sagging eye syndrome. Refractive procedure-induced diplopia. Foveal displacement syndrome. The patient with supranuclear disorders of ocular motility. Fundamental principles of ocular motor control. Supranuclear ocular motor systems: function, anatomy, clinical testing, and disorders of eye movements. Ocular fixation system. Vestibular-ocular system (vestibular-ocular reflex). Optokinetic system (optokinetic nystagmus). Saccadic system. Smooth-pursuit system- Vergence system. Gaze preference, gaze palsy, and tonic deviations. The patient with nystagmus or spontaneous eye movement disorders. Introduction. Early-onset (childhood) nystagmus. Infantile nystagmus syndrome (congenital nystagmus). Fusional maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome (latent nystagmus). Heimann-bielschowsky phenomenon. Spasmus nutans syndrome. Gaze.evoked nystagmus. Rebound nystagmus. Vestibular nystagmus. Peripheral vestibular nystagmus. Central forms of vestibular nystagmus. Acquired pendular nystagmus. Oculopalatal myoclonus or tremor. See-saw nystagmus. Dissociated nystagmus with internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Saccadic intrusions. Saccadic intrusions with normal intersaccadic intervals. Saccadic intrusions without normal intersaccadic intervals. Voluntary flutter (voluntary “nystagmus”). Additional eye movement disorders. Convergence-retraction nystagmus. Superior oblique myokymia. Oculomasticatory myorhythmia. The patient with pupillary abnormalities. History. Pupillary examination. Baseline pupil size. Pupil irregularity. Anisocoria. Normal pupillary response to light. Anisocoria equal in dim and bright light. Anisocoria greater in dim light. Anisocoria greater in bright light. Disorders of pupillary reactivity: light-near dissociation. Afferent visual pathway. Midbrain. Aberrant regeneration. Other pupillary disorders. Benign episodic unilateral mydriasis. The patient with eyelid or facial abnormalities. Examination techniques. Ptosis. Congenital ptosis. Acquired ptosis. Pseudoptosis. Apraxia of eyelid opening. Eyelid retraction. Abnormalities of facial movement. Seventh cranial nerve disorders. Disorders of underactivity of the seventh cranial nerve. Disorders of overactivity of the seventh cranial nerve. The patient with head, ocular, or facial pain. Head pain. Migraine and tension-type headache. Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and hemicrania continua. Idiopathic stabbing headache. Inherited encephalopathies resembling migraine. Ocular and orbital pain. Trochlear headache and trochleitis. Photophobia. Facial pain. Trigeminal neuralgia. Occipital neuralgia. Temporomandibular disease. Internal carotid artery dissection. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Neoplastic processes. The patient with nonorganic ophthalmic disorders. Clinical profile. Examination techniques. Afferent visual pathway. Ocular motility and alignment. Pupils and accommodation. Eyelid position and function. Management of the patient with nonorganic. Ophthalmic disorders. Selected systemic conditions with neuro-ophthalmic signs. Immunologic disorders. Giant cell arteritis. Multiple sclerosis. Neuromyelitis optica. Myasthenia gravis. Thyroid eye disease. Sarcoidosis. Inherited disorders with neuro-ophthalmic signs. Myopathies. Neurocutaneous syndromes. Selected neuro-ophthalmic disorders associated with pregnancy. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Cerebrovascular disorders. Transient visual loss. Vertebrobasilar system disease. Cerebral aneurysms. Arterial dissection. Arteriovenous malformations. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of infectious diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Herpesvirus. Mycobacterium. Syphilis. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Toxoplasmosis. Lyme disease. Fungal infections. Prion diseases. Radiation therapy.